Buat yang lagi bikin tugas laporan field trip nih.. moga-moga bisa membantu yahh :)
KATA
PENGANTAR
Puji
syukur kami panjatkan ke hadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, karena dengan
pertolonganNya kami dapat menyelesaikan laporan kegiatan field trip yang
berjudul ”Situs
Megalitikum Gunung Padang”. Terima kasih kami sampaikan kepada Bapak Saryanto
selaku guru Bahasa Indonesia,
Ibu Endang selaku guru Sejarah, dan
Bapak Adrian selaku guru Komputer yang telah meluangkan
waktunya untuk membaca dan menilai laporan ini.
Laporan
ini dibuat dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui seluk-beluknya tentang benda
pra-sejarah yang berupa bebatuan di atas Gunung Padang. Gunung Padang berlokasi
di Desa Mekarjaya, Kecamatan Campaka, Kabupaten Cianjur. Banyak turis dari
berbagai manca negara berbondong-bondong untuk melihat maha karya ini. Kami
dapat mengambil keuntungan. Selain negara kita mendapatkan profit yang cukup
besar, kami juga selaku pelajar yang duduk di kelas 12, maka hal tersebut dapat
menambah wawasan kami.
Kami menemukan banyak kendala pada
kajian laporan ini. Mulai dari penentuan judul, kami sangat sulit untuk
menentukan judul yang tepat, sampai dengan penyusunan laporan ini. Kami ingin
mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Bapak Saryanto, Ibu Endang dan semua
pihak-pihak yang telah membantu dalam penyusunan laporan ini.
Kami menyadari karya tulis ini masih
jauh dari kesempurnaan. Untuk itu kami sangat terbuka untuk menerima kritik dan
saran untuk penyempurnaan laporan ini.
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN
1.1
Latar Belakang
Pelajar adalah
generasi muda yang akan menjadi pemimpin pada masa mendatang. Para calon
pemimpin tentu harus memiliki kecerdasan, semangat juang, dan rasa cinta
terhadap tanah air. Dengan bermodalkan hal-hal tersebut, akan lahir pemimpin
bangsa yang handal, cerdas, berwawasan luas, memiliki semangat juang, dan rasa
cinta tanah air. Karakter tersebut harus dibangun, dipupuk, dan dikembangkan.
Menjadi pemimpin tentu membutuhkan usaha yang cukup keras. Berbagai kemampuan
dan kecerdasan dibutuhkan oleh seorang pemimpin. Salah satu faktor yang
menentukan keberhasilan seorang pemimpin rasa percaya terhadap orang lain.
Karena, kita adalah makhluk sosial yang membutuhkan bantuan dari sesama kita.
Para calon pemimpin harus dibina sejak dini. Oleh karena itu, para pelajar
harus membekali diri agar mereka nanti mampu memimpin bangsa.
1.2 Tujuan
Tujuan diadakannya Field Trip
ke Situs Megalitik Gunung Padang ini adalah untuk memperdalam wawasan para
siswa dalam hal sejarah dan prasejarah yang terjadi di lingkungan hidupnya.
Dengan mengetahui berbagai sejarah di lingkungannya, rasa bangga dan cinta
tanah airpun akan semakin terbentuk. Tujuan lainnya juga adalah untuk memenuhi
nilai dari tugas yang diberikan oleh Bapak Saryanto, Bapak Rein, dan Ibu
Endang.
1.3 Sistematika/Ruang Lingkup
Sistematika
penulisan pada laporan ini, disusun sebagai berikut :
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN
Bab ini berisi
latar belakang, tujuan diadakannya field
trip ini, serta sistematika/ruang lingkup penulisan.
BAB II KAJIAN
PUSTAKA
Bab ini berisi
informasi lebih detail mengenai Situs Megalitik Gunung Padang.
BAB III HASIL
PENGAMATAN
Bab ini berisi
pendeskripsian semua obyek yang diamati secara detail sehingga dapat memberikan
kejelasan kepada pembaca mengenai obyek
pengamatan tersebut.
BAB IV PENUTUP
Bab ini berisi
kesimpulan berdasarkan fakta yang ada dan saran dari pihak-pihak tertentu.
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE
2.1 Location of Padang Mountain Megalithic Sites
Site
Gunung Padang is a prehistoric heritage sites in Java Barat.Tepatnya Megalithic
culture at the border hamlet of Mount Padang and Panggulan, Karyamukti
Village,District Campaka, Cianjur Regency. Locations can be reached 20
kilometers from the district town WarungKondang intersection, on the road
between the City of Cianjur and Sukabumi. Broad complex of ”building” about 900 m², located at
an altitude of 885 meters, and the area of the site is approximately 3 acres making it the largest punden complex in Southeast Asia.
The site
location is hilly steep and difficult to access. Complexity of elongated,
covering the surface of a hill bordered by rows of large square-shaped
andesite. The site is surrounded by valleys so deep. This place has previously
been sacred by the local residents. Residents think of it as a place Siliwangi
King, the king of Sunda, which is trying to build a palace overnight.
2.2 Inventors Mount Padang Megalithic Sites
The
first report on the existence of this site was loaded on Rapporten van de
Oudheidkundige Dienst (ROD,”Bulletin of the Department of Antiquities”) in
1914. Dutch historian, N. J. Krom also been alluded to in 1949. Having
had”forgotten”, in 1979 three locals, Endi, Soma, and Abidin, reported to Edi,
owner Campaka Cultural District, the existence of a pile large square stones of
various sizes that are arranged in a terraced place that leads to Mount Gede.
Furthermore, together with the Head of the Cultural Section of the Department
of Education Culture Cianjur, R. Adang Suwanda, he held a check. Follow-up is
the study of archeology, history, and geology Arkenas Research Center conducted
in 1979 for this site.
2.3 Research
Site Megalithic Gunung Padang
Since
March 2011 a research team was formed office of Purba Catastrophe Presidential
Special Staff for Social Assistance and Disaster, in a survey of the activities
at active faults Cimandiri passing of Pelabuhan Ratu until Padalarang through
Mount Padang. When the team conducted a survey of known subsurface Gunung
Padang no magma intrusion. Then the research team conducted a survey of Mount
Padang subsurface more fully with geophysical methodologies, namely
geoelectric, georadar, and geomagnetic in the Site area. As a result, more and
more convinced that a hill of Mount Padang created or formed by humans (man
-made). In November 2011, a team led by Dr. Danny Hilman Natawidjaja,
consisting of experts increasingly believe that the earth was created by Mount
Padang old human who has ever lived in the region.
2.4 Functions of Mount Padang Megalithic Sites
Function
estimated Gunungpadang site is a place of worship for the people who settled
there in about 2000 years BC The results Rolan Mauludy and Hokky Situngkir
suggesting possible involvement of some stone megaliths music there.
Gunungpadang addition, there are several others in Cianjur footprint which is a
relic of megalithic period.
2.5 Survey of the Government of Indonesia
Results
of surveys and research were presented at various scientific meetings both
nationally and internationally, even got appreciation from Prof..
Dr.Oppenheimer. Ancient catastrophic team then initiated the formation of a
team of researchers to undertake advanced studies focused on Mount Padang,
where the members of the expanded research and involves various disciplines and
various skills. Call it Dr.. Ali Akbar a prehistoric researchers from the
University of Indonesia, who led the research field of archeology.
Then
Pon Purajatnika, M.Sc., lead the field of architecture and regional research,
Dr. Budianto Ontowirjo civil structures led the study, and Dr. Bakhtiar an
expert paleosedimentologi torch, led research on sediment layers in Mount
Padang. The whole team was incorporated in the Integrated Research Team Self
Mount Padang office facilitated Presidential Special Staff for Social
Assistance and Disaster. Interestingly, all studies conducted independently
financing the research fellow.
Various independent research findings integrated team is finally done Gunung Padang radiometric testing of carbon (carbon dating, C14). Interestingly carbon test results on laboratoriumBeta Miami, Florida in the U.S., menera that carbon obtained from drilling at a depth of 5 meters up to 12 meters 14500-25000 years old. The results of the full report, as follows :
Various independent research findings integrated team is finally done Gunung Padang radiometric testing of carbon (carbon dating, C14). Interestingly carbon test results on laboratoriumBeta Miami, Florida in the U.S., menera that carbon obtained from drilling at a depth of 5 meters up to 12 meters 14500-25000 years old. The results of the full report, as follows :
Below
the surface of the building site of Mount Padang scientifically proven older
than the Pyramids of Giza. This refers to the carbon dating test results
Laboratory Batan (Indonesia) with C14 LSC method of material 4meter paleosoil
in - depth at coring drill site 1, age paleosoil material is 5500 +130 years BP
ago. While testing material in the sand up to a depth of -8 -10 meters in drill
coring site 2 is 11000 + 150 years.
2.6 Beta Analytic Laboratory Results Miami
2.6 Beta Analytic Laboratory Results Miami
Surprising
and consistent results issued by the laboratory Beta Analytic Miami, Florida,
last week added that the age of the layers of a depth of about 5 meters to 12
meters drill bada 2 age around 14500-23000 SM / or older. While some examples
are consistent with what is done in the Lab BATAN. We know this laboratory in
Miami Florida is a frequent international reference range of research,
especially related to carbon dating world.
Both of
these laboratories answer many doubts on the laboratory test sample in BATAN.
Previously, the research team have integrated self- test age-related BATAN
Mount Padang in laboratory, but not a lot of positive response, even doubt.
Though the results obtained by the two laboratories was not much different. It
is time we believe in the ability and quality of scientists and national
laboratories such as BATAN, following the results of the second test in the
laboratory :
1. Age of
the soil layers near the surface (60 cm below the surface), about 600 years BC
(carbon dating results of samples obtained Archaeologist, Dr. AliAkbar,
integrated research team at the Laboratory of the National Atomic Energy Agency
(BATAN);
2. Age of
sand - gravel layer at a depth of about 3-4 meters in Bor - 1 underlying the
site of Mount Padang on it (so it can be considered old when World Gunung
Padang in the top layer is made) about 4700 years BC or older (drawn from the
analysis BATAN);
3. Age
urug soil layer at a depth of 4 meters supposedly man made stuctures
(structures created by humans) with a space filled with sand (at a depth of
8-10 meters) below the Terrace 5 at Bor - 2, about 7600-7800 BC (BETA
Laboratory Miami, Florida);
4. Age of
sand that fills the cavity at a depth of 8-10 meters in Bor - 2, approximately
11,600 BC or so years older (Lab Batan);
5. The age
of the layers of a depth of about 5 meters to 12 meters, approximately
14500-25000 BC / or older (BETA Laboratory Miami Florida).
6. There
are a signs or basin -shaped man-made images on any patio stones that are 1 to
5. Research on the meaning of the form of images and letters that form the rock
andesite breccia is the latest.
2.7 Further Research Megalithic Sites Gunung Padang
The
opening of the bushes on the Southeast side porch 5 downwardly find 20 level
terracing punden arranged by mutual aid civilized society has advanced
technological capabilities. Terracing is broke punden previous research
hypothesis that the site of Mount Padang just consists of 5 terrace on an area
of 900
m2. With the opening of the 20 levels of terraces
indicates that the site is very large mountain Padang. Estimated main core zone
of Mount Padang sites larger than 25 acres.
The
opening of the bushes and scanned the earth with georadar on the East side
terrace 2 down to find the form of man-made gate structure. Results of sampling
by coring drill 1, ensuring manmade structure up to a depth from the surface of
the terrace - 27meter 3. Results of sampling by coring drill 2, discovered the
structure of large cavities that contain man-made sand with very uniform grain.
Measurement results with geomagnetic anomalies found a large magnetic field on
the porch 2.
In
addition to research and surveys, literature review being conducted. Call it
the Bujangga Manik manuscript from the 16th century mention a
place”kabuyutan”(where ancestors were honored by the Sundanese) Ci Sokan
upstream, the river is known to disgorge around this place. According to
legend, the site of Mount Padang is a regular meeting place (likely annual) all
the traditional leaders of the Sunda Kuna. Currently the site is also still
used by indigenous religion Sunda group for worship.
Research is under the surface of Mount Padang no buildings have been made by some team of experts :
Research is under the surface of Mount Padang no buildings have been made by some team of experts :
1. Team
of Geology and Mineral Resources Agency;
2. Team
of Kemenristek;
3.
National TimArkeologi;
4.
Ancient Catastrophe Team who later became Team Integrated Research Mandiri.
Tim first, second, and third was concluded that there is no building in the mountain meadow below the surface. The mountain area is 900 square meter paddock like since discovered NJ Krom. This final conclusion is formally written results of his research there. The fourth team, independent research team concluded that integrated different and has found strong evidence of the fact that there is the beginning of building below the surface of Mount Padang, and a far greater extent than they are now as it was concluded three other teams. With the principle of diversity and maintaining ethical research, it becomes integrated team obligation to prove further the overall hypothesis. The integrated team will keep its promise, the next few days continued research.
Tim first, second, and third was concluded that there is no building in the mountain meadow below the surface. The mountain area is 900 square meter paddock like since discovered NJ Krom. This final conclusion is formally written results of his research there. The fourth team, independent research team concluded that integrated different and has found strong evidence of the fact that there is the beginning of building below the surface of Mount Padang, and a far greater extent than they are now as it was concluded three other teams. With the principle of diversity and maintaining ethical research, it becomes integrated team obligation to prove further the overall hypothesis. The integrated team will keep its promise, the next few days continued research.
Expected
no more than one month, the new findings will be announced Indonesian history.
We hope the people watching, the experts mutual restraint and respect for
sustainability research and all research findings later. We woke up a healthy
climate in the world of Indonesian research. We believe that these four teams
investigate Mount Padang has the intention and the same intellectual honesty.
Skepticism is not prohibited, it is characteristic of a true scientist. And,
true scientists characteristic skepticism anyway to change it if it turned out
to support all the hypotheses proved.
In a
mountain meadow sites are found in the form of a musical instrument that wavy
rectangular stone on top, if any wave struck, it emits waves that vary from one
another. and musical instruments of the stone can be played correctly.
Early January - March 2013 Integrated Research Team led by Dr. Self. Danny Hilman Natawidjaja (expert earth), Dr. Ali Akbar (archaeologist), Dr. Bakhtiar torch (paleosedimentolog) back to do research and follow-up survey, stated that, under the surface of Mount Padang : There is no natural geological structure, the hypothesis advanced technology antiquity.
Early January - March 2013 Integrated Research Team led by Dr. Self. Danny Hilman Natawidjaja (expert earth), Dr. Ali Akbar (archaeologist), Dr. Bakhtiar torch (paleosedimentolog) back to do research and follow-up survey, stated that, under the surface of Mount Padang : There is no natural geological structure, the hypothesis advanced technology antiquity.
This
time the team is doing archaeological excavations and detailed geoelectric
survey in the eastern slopes of the hills surrounding the excavation, outside
the fence of cultural heritage sites.
Archaeological
team led by DR. Ali Akbar from the University of Indonesia. The team found no
evidence to confirm the hypothesis that a team in the basement of Mount Padang
is no man-made structure containing an array of andesite stone columns, stone
patio like structure that has been exposed, and made cultural
site on the hill. Look at the box dug surface features,
composition of andesite stone column is already buried layer of soil about half
to two -meter chunks of rubble mixed andesite columns.
Dr Tim
archaeological dig box. Ali Akbar UI. shows the building surfaces are composed
of andesite stone columns that are covered by a layer of soil with pecaan
chunks of rock. The stone column position extending parallel layers.
Andesitic rocks column prepared with a position close to the horizontal longitudinal direction nearly west - east (approximately 70 degrees from north to east - N 70 E), together with the arrangement of stone columns in the direction of the east- west wall of the porch, and railroad steep slope connecting a porch with two terraces. Of horizontal columns andesitic rocks and direction of the layers, we can conclude with certainty, that the stone columns or”columnar joints”is not in a state of nature.
Andesitic rocks column prepared with a position close to the horizontal longitudinal direction nearly west - east (approximately 70 degrees from north to east - N 70 E), together with the arrangement of stone columns in the direction of the east- west wall of the porch, and railroad steep slope connecting a porch with two terraces. Of horizontal columns andesitic rocks and direction of the layers, we can conclude with certainty, that the stone columns or”columnar joints”is not in a state of nature.
Rocks
and weathering results column cooling lava / volcanic intrusion in the natural
direction of the column will elongate perpendicular to the direction or flow
coating as found in many places in the world. Appearance of stone - column
structure unfolding in the box dug it does look like a neat extraordinary
natural conditions alone.
So do
not be surprised if at the end of 2012 and then there was another team of
archaeologists working separately, and have come here to conclude dig rocks
andesite columns in the basement is a source of natural rock; probably because
they do not consider the complete geological aspects, and also do not know
subsurface structure of the data as shown by the results of geoelectric survey.
2.8 Controversy Megalithic Sites Gunung Padang
There are some people who believe that the site has been linked with a
desert mountain pyramid sites in Egypt, due to the shape similar to the space
in it and because of its age is much older than the pyramids in Egypt. saaat
meadow site is still in a period of further study.
Navigate the site of Mount Padang mystery. Age”pyramid”of Mount Padang
estimated 4700-10900 BC - compare the pyramids of Giza in Egypt, which is only
2,500 BC. But the evidence is not maximized, and this led geologists are still
skeptical about the”pyramid”that. Too early to be announced. Therefore
Integrated Research Team Mandiri Mount Padang continues his research in 2013.
Until now Gunung Padang has become a byword after researching the Ancient
Catastrophe Team Fault earthquake fault Cimandiri, about four kilometers to the
north of the site.
The controversy erupted after Andi Arief released under the pyramid there is a kind of Mount Padang at the beginning of last year.”Whatever name and shape, which is clearly below that there are spaces. Glance was like a mountain, such as man -made.”Andi Arief so clear.
The controversy erupted after Andi Arief released under the pyramid there is a kind of Mount Padang at the beginning of last year.”Whatever name and shape, which is clearly below that there are spaces. Glance was like a mountain, such as man -made.”Andi Arief so clear.
Suspicions began Mount Padang form a nearly isosceles triangle when
viewed from the north. Previously, the team also found a similar shape in Mount
Sadahurip in Garut and Bukit Dago Pakar in Bandung Lembang Fault while
researching.
Andi Arief said the work his team at the Mount Padang is almost
finished. For excavation business, he raised his hand as it requires huge cost.
However, Andi Arief with Integrated Research Team Gunung Padang Independent
research and surveys continue to find out more below the surface of Mount
Padang with various methodologies, both geophysics, archeology,
paleosedimentasi, architecture and the region, and others. It is planned that
this team will continue to work until March 2014.
Towards the end of 2012, the researchers Integrated Research Team
Mandiri Mount Padang held a meeting to evaluate the results of research and
surveys in 2012 and plan further research in Gunung Padang. At the meeting
attended by geologists reliably, Dr. Danny Hilman Natawijaya,
paleosedimentolog, Dr. Andang Bakhtiar, a young archaeologist prehistory
expert, Dr. Ali Akbar, cultural expert, Dr.. Lily Tjahjandari, architects and
practitioners of the region, Pon Purajatnika, complexity and astronomy experts,
Hokky Situngkir, Rolan Mauludi, civil modeling expert, Dr. Budianto Ontowirjo,
petrography expert, Dr. Andrew S Subandrio, geofisisis, Erick Ridzky, and of
course was attended also by the initiator of the team, Andi Arief.
Meeting held at the Office of the Special Staff of President on
December 18, 2012, the yield new insights from the experts who are members of
the Integrated Research Team Independent presents and discusses the research
findings and the next steps. Geological Team considers that the surveys and
studies conducted have reached 99 % have obtained complete data both
geoelectric survey data, georadar, and geomagnetic and geophysical and other
aids. In addition to satellite imagery, IFSAR photos, contour maps and digital
elevation models (DEM). From a variety of data generated, coupled with evidence
paleosedimentasi at some point drill sampling, and petrographic analysis, can
scientifically conclude that there is indeed man -made structure in the
subsurface site of Mount Padang.
Building below the surface of the chamber and also certain to have
another structure forms (alleged cave or hallway), and the trend of the
magnetic anomalies in various geophysical tool trajectory. This finding is
further strengthened by the findings of the archaeological team that managed to
find artifacts in the western and eastern mountain building Padangjuga exposed,
especially outside definitive site today. Even the preliminary findings in the
form of stone artefacts curved on the east side site, showed strong suspicion
as”entrance”into the building below the surface of Mount Padang. The
archaeological findings, are the latest findings from the site was first
discovered.
In addition, civil and architect Tim had reached advanced stages, in
addition to describing the various types of pieces of stone (which shows human
intervention and technology of the time), also explained that the site area is
much larger than the current one. This team has found a structure similar to
the findings in Sumba, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Previous architectural team found
similar resemblance to the Machu Pichu Peru pyramid.
In the near future more detailed imaginary structure will be made based
on a comparison of existing. While the team will complete the astronomical year
timeline of making findings that can be scientifically carried out the results
of radio - carbon dating has been done to validate the lab in two labpratorium
National Atomic Energy Agency and the radio - carbon laboratory in Miami
Florida, United States.
What will the future? All teams continue to work with the point of
concentration at the site which is outside the site. Archaeological team became
the leading open door”civilization”our ancestors were very remarkable. The form
and content in it will automatically unfold. We hope that the continuation of
this research goes well, and will always be open to the public will be
announced.
It is recognized that this research is not confined to researchers but
belongs to the wider community. We hope that does not stop the opening of the
door of civilization alone, more than that found something useful and felt
directly by the people, for the people's welfare is no impact on the present
and future.
In early January 2013 the archaeological team led by a young
archaeologist, University of Indonesia, Ali Akbar, released the findings of 5
old cemetery in the area that is now the object of his research. The discovery
could reveal new veil that people sekitarlah who first discovered the site of
Mount Padang. 5 stated that the discovery of the tomb in the fifth terrace the
site, which has artifacts (gravestone) read only 2 graves. Based on his
observations, the tomb is in the area of megalithic sites around the 1900s. Of some of the existing graves, there is a tomb which gives little
idea of the existence of the tomb of the tomb headstone
pair. Ali Akbar explained, that when viewed from a tomb,
it is the tomb of Islam. A gravestone bearing the Latin alphabet and the other
bearing the Arabic alphabet. According to him, with the findings of the old
cemetery, meaning the people who live there and settled there. Then there was a
pause until NJ.Kron find the site and report it to the Dutch government in
1914.
On one tombstone latin lettering indicating the name remains are buried
named”Hadi Winata”who died in 1947. Written deceased also died at the age of 68
years, meaning that the deceased was born in 1879. On the other tombstones,
grave the same, also contained Arabic writing on the headstone reads ' prabu '
and there tahunhijriyah, 1356 H. Estimated probability that the bodies are
buried is a glimpse of the nobility when observed from the Latin name listed on
the headstone and also the word ' King ' in Arabic lettered gravestone.
Researchers are still working to be able to estimate the age of the other tombs
that exist in the area of Mount Padang.
2.9 Cement in Ancient Megalithic Site Gunung Padang
2.9 Cement in Ancient Megalithic Site Gunung Padang
It is
more surprising is the finding of filler material between the stones of this
column. Even the stone columns of which there is already broken to pieces, but
laid out and put together again by the filler material, or we call it as the
ancient cement. Dig further down boxes, ancient cement is seen more and more,
and evenly thick as 2 inches in between the stones columns. In addition to
digging in the box, the ancient cement has also been found on a cliff railroad
between one and two terraces, and also in drill core samples from a depth of 1
to 15 meters of drilling conducted by the team in 2012 and then on the site.
Geologist
team and also coaches the center of the central Indonesian Association of
Geologists, DR. Andang Bachtiar, based on the results of a chemical analysis
done on samples of ancient cement patio railroad steep one to two, found the
more surprising facts. The cement material turns out to have major composition
of 45% iron and 41 % mineral silica minerals. The rest is 14 % clay minerals,
and also there is the element carbon. This is a good composition for a very
strong adhesive cement.
Perhaps he combines the concept of making the resin, or modern adhesives from raw materials silica, and the use of elemental concentrations of iron into red brick amplifier. The high content of silica cement indicates this is not the result of weathering of rocks andesite columns surrounding the silica poor.
Perhaps he combines the concept of making the resin, or modern adhesives from raw materials silica, and the use of elemental concentrations of iron into red brick amplifier. The high content of silica cement indicates this is not the result of weathering of rocks andesite columns surrounding the silica poor.
Then,
levels of iron in nature, even in the rocks at the mineral ore mining though
generally not more than 5 % content of iron, so iron levels”Mount Padang cement”is
many times higher than natural conditions.
Therefore,
it can be inferred material between columns andesite stones are man-made grout.
That is, the technology of the time seems to have known metallurgy. Andang
explained, that a common technique to obtain a high concentration of iron is to
make the process of combustion of crushed rocks with very high temperatures.
Similar red brick making, ie kaolinite and illite clay burn to produce high
concentrations of iron in the brick.
2.10 Ancient Metallurgy
Indications
of ancient metallurgy technology is strengthened further by the findings of a
lump of material such as metal by 10 centimeters by Ali Akbar teams at a depth
of 1 meter on the eastern slopes of Mount Padang. Rusty metal material has a
rough surface of hollow - small cavity on the surface. Allegedly this material
is a metal dough combustion (“slug”) are still mixed with the carbon material
into the combustor materials, can be of wood, coal or other. Cavities that may
happen due to the release of CO2 gas when burning. The team will conduct
further analysis lab to investigate this.
It is no
less surprising is the approximate age of this ancient cement. Results
radiometric analysis of the content of the element carbon in some samples of
cement in drill core from a depth of 5-15 meters conducted in 2012 in the
prestigious laboratory BETALAB, Miami, USA in mid-2012 shows its age with a
range between 13,000 and 23,000 years ago. Then, the results of carbon dating
of the layers of soil covering the composition of andesite stone column at a
depth of 3-4 meters in Terrace 5 shows the age of about 8700 years ago.
Previous
results of carbon dating carried out in the laboratory BATAN of dominant quartz
sand that fills the voids in between the columns of andesite at a depth of 8-10
meters below the terrace of five, also showed the same age range which is
around 13,000 years ago.
The fact
it is very controversial because it 's common knowledge now do not know or
recognize no civilizations (high) in the future as this ancient, anywhere in
the world, let alone in the country that are supposedly pre - history, although
many believed still primitive extraordinary beautiful landscape and rich, while
in the barren Egyptian desert pyramid person can make a very unusual building
it. But the facts speak otherwise in Mount Padang. It seems not impossible
anymore archipelago nation has civilization as advanced as the ancient Egyptian
civilization, even during the much older anymore.
The
building structure of the composition of the rocks up to 50 cm diameter column
with a length of more than 1 meter could have been very spectacular because of
how ancient societies can organize large stones are very heavy so neat and well
cemented by a special dough material. Furthermore geoelectric survey conducted
in the vicinity of multiplication by a team of geological / geophysical from
LabEarth LIPI, reveals the fact that no less fantastic than ancient building
features below the surface.
This
latest survey is a follow-up survey pendetilan as geoelectric survey of dozens
of track 2 - D, 3 - D and georadar survey that was conducted in 2011, 2012 and
early 2013 in Mount Padang entire body, from the feet to the top of the hill.
Geoelectric survey results showed that the coating composition of the stone column that looks at the box dug existence can be followed all the way to the bottom of a body united in Padang Mountain site on the hill, and also extends to far into the foothills.
Geoelectric survey results showed that the coating composition of the stone column that looks at the box dug existence can be followed all the way to the bottom of a body united in Padang Mountain site on the hill, and also extends to far into the foothills.
Cross
section of the subsurface structure based on the trajectory of geoelectric
resistivity rocks dug through the box (testpit) archeology. Building layers of
andesitic composition column looks constantly to the bottom of the hill above
the site and also to the foot of the hill. Underneath looks unique geometry
which allegedly still building. R8 using survey equipment and software
Supersting Earth Imager. The above model wears Average Resistivity method. RMS
value of the simulation results show that this model has the distinction /
error rate is only 4 % compared to the survey data.
2.11 Puzzles Lava Stone
This fact
supports the results of research experts Pon Purajatniko architecture,
integrated team member who also has served as Chairman of the Architectural
Association of West Java, who first floated the idea of the structure of the
terraces of Mount Padang sites like Michu Pichu in Peru.
Until
recently conducted new excavations to a depth of 4 meter course, but the
geoelectric survey shows there is still beneath the appearance of the building
structures that look amazing geometry to a depth of over 10 meters. Geoelectric
survey results, and georadar also been able to show the structure (geology)
below the surface morphology of the hills that form the Mount Padang is a rock
layer with a thickness of 30-50 meters which has a value of electrical
resistance (resistivity) is very high (thousands Ohm - Meter) shaped like a
tongue with a nearly horizontal position, aligned with the north - south
elongated hills, and sloping ramps to the north. So also in tune with the steps
terraces built on it.
One fifth
the tongue -shaped rock layer also has a flat incline towards the west and the
east slope of the hill in line with its slope. This lava layer located at a
depth of more than 10 meters below the surface.
Data from
drilling conducted by DR. Bakhtiar torch and microscopic analysis of rock drill
core samples were carried out by DR. Andri Subandrio, geologist volcanic rocks
of the Lab. Petrology ITB, the body can be ascertained with a high resistivity
rocks are andesite lava rock, the same rock type as the column of the site of
Mount Padang. Another thing is quite interesting from petrological analysis is
finding many microscopic cracks in the thin section of andesite stone column
that alleged non - natural. You see, the crack was cutting its constituent
mineral crystals.
Geoelectric
cross-section of the lot, visible tongue has a neck andesite lava intrusion
(breakthrough source of volcanic rock below) located in the area of the
southern slope of Mount Padang site. So after liquid hot
magma intrusion reaches the surface and then flows north, and after the lava
cooled to form the tongue. Which is still a big puzzle is whether the body in
the lava rocks of Mount Padang stomach is the source of the rocks of andesite columns
used to construct the site?
It may be
true. To date there is no source rocks found in the andesite field a few
kilometers radius of Mount Padang. The problem is there are no traces of
mining, or layers of lava exposed in the area of Mount Padang.
So, if
one posits that the source rock of the hill, then inevitably have to also
assume that once a layer of lava never revealed, or mined by early man, then
recently stone columns that have been taken and re- arranged to cover the
entire body of lava became one of the architectural masterpieces of
extraordinary monument.
It should
also be noted that extracting the stones andesite columns from the parent rock
is not easy. He must be able to separate the stones are large and heavy piece
of rock with a parent in a very large number. Unlike the usual rock mining that
do not have to worry about broken stone, for example by blasting dynamite. What
is clear for now centuries or hundreds of years back in this world never
existed mining rocks andesite columns to be used as a building brick.
BAB III
HASIL
PENGAMATAN
3.1 Pengamatan
Objek
Pertama kali
Situs Megalitikum Gunung Padang ditemukan pada tahun 1914.Situs tersebut
diketemukan oleh seorang peneliti dari Negeri Belanda bernama NJ.Kron (dibaca
NJ.Krom).Situs Megalitik Gunung Padang terletak di Desa Karyamukti, Kecamatan
Campaka, Kabupaten Cianjur.Megalitikum yaitu zaman batu besar.
Megalitikum berasal dari kata mega
yang berarti besar, dan lithos yangberarti batu. Zaman Megalitikum biasa
disebut dengan zaman batu besar, karena pada zaman ini manusia sudah dapat
membuat dan meningkatkan kebudayaan yang terbuat dari batu-batu besar.Pada
zaman ini manusia sudah mengenal kepercayaan.
Walaupun kepercayaan mereka masih dalam tingkat awal, yaitu kepercayaan
terhadap roh nenek moyang. Kepercayaan ini muncul karena
pengetahuanmanusia sudah mulai meningkat.
Luas kompleks”bangunan”lebih kurang 900 m2, terletak pada ketinggian 885 meter,
berarea sekitar 3 hektar.Pada mulanya tempat tersebut difungsikan untuk
beribadah bagi masyarakat Sunda Kuna sekitar tahun 2000-an sebelum masehi.
Permulaan
Diketemukannya Situs Megalitik Gunung PadangLaporan pertama mengenai keberadaan situs ini dimuat pada Rapporten
van de Oudheidkundige Dienst (ROD,”Buletin
Dinas Kepurbakalaan") tahun 1914. Sejarawan Belanda, ini juga telah menyinggungnya pada tahun
1949. Setelah sempat”terlupakan", pada tahun 1979 tiga penduduk setempat
yang merupakan petani, Endi, Soma, dan Abidin, melaporkan kepada Edi, Pemilik
Kebudayaan Kecamatan Campaka, mengenai keberadaan tumpukan batu-batu persegi
besar dengan berbagai ukuran yang tersusun dalam suatu tempat berundak yang
mengarah ke Gunung
Gede. Selanjutnya, bersama-sama dengan
Kepala Seksi Kebudayaan Departemen Pendidikan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Cianjur, R.
Adang Suwanda, ia mengadakan pengecekan. Tindak lanjutnya adalah kajian
arkeologi, sejarah, dan geologi yang dilakukan Puslit Arkenas pada tahun 1979 terhadap situs ini.
Kompleks
Gunung Padang yang terdiri dari 5 Teras.Teras satu-Batu Musik (500-1000 tahun SM), terdapat dolmen
yang digunakan sebagai tempat penyimpanan sesajen, namun ada juga yang percaya
bahwa dolmen digunakan untuk memanggil leluhur.Teras dua-Batu Lumbung dan Batu
Kursi (4000-5000 tahun SM) fungsinya sebagai tempat duduk untuk orang yang
menghadap Gunung Gede yaitu di mana roh-roh berada.Teras Tiga-Batu Tapak Maung
dan Jejak Kujang (12000-lebih tahun SM) kujang (lambing pusaka Sunda) merupakan
bukti bahwa tempat tersebut sempat menjadi singgasana raja.Sunda artinya semua
ras yang hatinya tulus.Teras Empat-Batu Gendong, tempat
pengujian (dengan mengangkat batu sebagai tanda menyucikan diri) sebelum bisa
lanjut ke Teras Lima.Teras Lima-Batu Singgasana Raja (Pendaringan) (500-1000
tahun SM), 950 meter ke atas permukaan tanah, digunakan untuk
menyimpan benda-benda sakral, untuk bersemedi, untuk persembahan pada nenek
moyang..Teras ini paling sakral, maka dari itu hanya beberapa yang bisa.
Kalau dilihat
dari bagian atas, Gunung Padang berbentuk seperti piramida yang ada di mesir. Umurnya diperkirakan jauh lebih tua
dari pada piramida mesir sekitar 10.000 tahun sebelum masehi. Didalam gunung
padang dipercaya memiliki ruang didalamnya yang kini telah tertimbun tanah.Sampai saat ini gunung Padang diperkirakan
berumur 11.000 tahun
Sebenarnya Gunung Padang bukanlah
gunung, melainkan bangunan yang tertimbun oleh debu vulkanik sehingga terlihat
seperti gunung yang sudah ditumbuhi pepohonan.Kalau dilihat dari sisi utara Gunung Padang bentuknya
hampir mirip segitiga sama kaki.
Situs Megalitikum ini adalah serba
lima. Diapit oleh lima gunung, terdapat lima teras, dan hampir semua
bebatuannya merupakan persegi lima. Ini merupakan sebuah misteri yang belum
terpecahkan.
BAB IV
PENUTUP
4.1 Kesimpulan
Jadi, Situs
Megalitik Gunung Padang ini sebenarnya bukan sebuah gunung seperti namanya,
melainkan bangunan yang tertimbun oleh debu
vulkanik sehingga terlihat seperti gunung yang sudah ditumbuhi pepohonan.Situs ini merupakan situs yang sudah
berumur 11.000 tahun dan dibuat oleh manusia yang masih primitif pada zaman
batu besar.
4.2 Saran
Setelah
melakukan pengamatan, penulis menyarankan agar Situs Megalitik Gunung Padang
ini dirawat lebih lagi, agar situs bersejarah ini dapat terus menerus menjadi
salah satu sumber pengetahuan dan daya tarik bagi wisatawan.Penulis juga
menyarankan agar pengamatan ini tidak berhenti sampai di sini, tapi boleh terus
dikembangkan sehingga boleh menjadi salah satu situs bersejarah yang dijaga dan
dihormati keberadaannya.
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